Archive for the ‘Project Estimating’ Category

Are you Tracking Actuals?

by PCM Guru on November 25th, 2009

How can you afford not to Track Actuals in today’s economy?

Tracking actual values – costs, man-hours, equipment hours, production units, etc – at the activity level – is the key to being able to close the loop between project estimating and project execution. I cannot tell you how many times, during my interviews with construction companies, people will say “We estimate that activity at x cost / manhours / equipment hours / productive units per shift because that’s the way we’ve always estimated it.”

Click here to read the full article on HD estimating software.

Planning vs. Estimating – What’s the Difference?

by PCM Guru on July 8th, 2009

Many estimators don’t intuitively think of themselves as planners, yet that’s exactly what they’re doing (formally or not) when they think through a project’s details in order to prepare an estimate. At its essence, planning is preparation for future action, and a good estimator cannot possibly finalize an estimate without knowing what actions will be taken to accomplish the project.

How detailed that planning process becomes during the estimating stage depends on numerous factors, including the time available to prepare the estimate, the value of the project, and its potential risk and impact (positive or negative) on the organization.

But regardless of how much planning is done during the estimating process, firsthand experience with thousands of estimators over the past twenty years indicates there is even greater variance in how much of the estimator’s planning process is captured so that it can be leveraged downstream.

To many organizations, “the estimate” is simply the collection of final numbers arrived at as a result of the estimating exercise. But the real value of the estimator’s work is the thought process that led to those final numbers. Capturing that thought process as a model – with all of its associated variables – streamlines everything that comes after the estimate. Producing resource plans and schedules, performing “what if?” scenarios, and evaluating project changes are just three examples of tasks that are greatly streamlined through access to the estimator’s model.

All of which explains why Hard Dollar’s estimating module is called “Work Planning & Estimating.”

Click here to learn more about HD estimating software.

Estimating Approaches

by PCM Guru on June 8th, 2009

“Bottom-up” or “Top-down” – Why not both?

When it comes to large engineering and construction projects, most estimators will categorize their approach in one of two ways:

  1. Bottom up (also called “Detail” or “Resource-driven”). With this approach, the estimator breaks the project into distinct line items, and then breaks those line items into smaller, distinct line items, and so on, until he or she arrives at the component (or resource) level – the level of detail at which the price of the components is relatively consistent across projects. For example, the cost of two recent bridges is going to vary wildly based on numerous project-specific factors, but the cost of an hour of a carpenter will be fairly consistent across those projects. Further, the man-hours expended by that carpenter to form a single square yard of a bridge deck will also be fairly consistent across projects. So, once you’ve modeled the hourly cost of the carpenter and the production rate for forming a deck, estimating the cost of a distinct line item called “Form bridge deck” is only a matter of identifying the size of the deck. Add that to other line items such as “Pour deck” and “Strip deck”, and you’ve got yourself a bottom up estimate.
  2. Top down (also called “Parametric”). This approach typically relies on cost histories from past projects, and knowledge of the specific parameters of those projects. Using the previous example, you could look at your previous bridge projects and determine that there are correlations between the cost of the bridge and key factors such as the size and the primary material used. In other words, all things being equal, if the new bridge is 10% larger than the last, its top down cost estimate might be 10% higher. While this approach can be fast, it is less likely to uncover potential cost-eating dangers such as challenging site conditions or fluctuations in raw material costs.

The practical reality is that most companies – and most projects – have a place for both approaches. If you’re doing a conceptual estimate for an early-stage project, top-down may be the only approach possible. And even later-stage estimates might involve a mix of items, some estimated top-down and others bottom up. Of course, more and more project owners are asking for the back-up – the detail behind the numbers. So if you’re not already using a bottom up approach, it’s time to start thinking about it.

Fortunately, Hard Dollar estimating software fully embraces both methods.

Simplifying Earned Value

by PCM Guru on May 12th, 2009

One of the biggest challenges to implementing earned value as a project management system is creating cost-loaded schedules. Time and time again we hear that creating the initial cost-loaded schedule is not too painful, but most engineering and construction projects are continually barraged with changes, making it extremely cumbersome to keep estimates and schedules in-sync as things change. Further, in many companies, estimating software and scheduling software are entirely separate disciplines, each of which may have a different perspective of the project. Earned value forces tighter interaction between these two disciplines, which is ultimately good for both the owner and the contractor. Many of the key elements of earned value require the integration of cost and schedule, including:

  • Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS)
    This value shows how much money should have been spent to accomplish the work performed on a project to date. This is the essence of earned value, as it reflects the value of the project put in place to date.
  • Estimate At Completion (EAC)
    This value shows the current forecasted cost at completion, based on the cost to date and the work remaining. When graphed over time, this value shows the owner of the project the expected spend level, which can be matched to budget levels to ensure adequate funding is available for the project.

Many estimating and scheduling software packages are adding features to address earned value, but currently HD estimating software is the only application that can dynamically link cost estimates to Microsoft Project and Primavera schedules. This live, two-way integration between cost and schedule can reduce the time and effort spent on earned value calculations by 50% to 90%.

Smart A+B Bid Strategies Equal Higher Profits And A Competitive Advantage

by PCM Guru on April 14th, 2009

A+B bids, which continue to gain popularity for public works projects, are forcing contractors to re-think their estimating and bidding methodologies. In A+B bids, the contractor submits both a price (the “A” portion) and a duration (the “B” portion) as part of the bid package. The state or other government agency financing the project establishes a daily cost associated with the job, and multiplies that daily cost by the duration bid by each contractor. The contractor with the best combination of cost and duration – A+B – is awarded the work.

Because A+B bids typically include significant penalties for completing the project late, as well as bonuses for early completion, contractors must be able to effectively analyze the correlation between a project’s cost and its schedule. Even more important, contractors that can easily perform “what if?” analysis across both the estimate and the schedule have a unique advantage when it comes to A+B bids. A+B bids are driving contractors to re-evaluate the importance of scheduling during the estimating process. Hard Dollar’s dynamic, ‘oneness’ integration with Microsoft Project and Primavera gives our customers a highly compelling advantage when it comes to optimizing a project’s cost and schedule using different resource and productivity scenarios, crew sizes, shift arrangements, and more. Adding the schedule element gives sophisticated contractors an additional criteria on which to compete for business, so it’s not just low bid gets the job.

Click here to learn more about HD estimating software.